Torticollis, also known as wry neck or loxia.Torticollis is a symptom defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position

1. Laterocollis : the head is tipped towards the shoulder
2. Rotational torticollis : the head rotates along the longitudal axis
3. Anterocollis : forward flexion of the head and neck
4. Retrocollis : hyperextension of head and neck backwards

1. Congenital muscular torticollis-
• Birth trauma
• Intrauterine malposition is considered to be the cause of damage to the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck
2. Acquired torticollis-
• Tumors
• Infections
• Antiemetic
3. Spasmodic torticollis-
• Cervical dystonia
4. Acquired Torticollis in Infants-
• Infants often develop torticollis as a result of the amount of time they spend lying on their back during the day in car seats, swings, bouncers, strollers and on play mats.

1. The head tilts to one side and the chin points to the opposite shoulder. In 75% of babies with torticollis, the right side of the neck is affected.
2. Limited range of motion in the neck makes it difficult for the baby to turn the head side to side, and up and down.
3. During the baby's first few weeks, a soft lump may be felt in the affected neck muscle. This lump is not painful and gradually goes away before the baby reaches 6 months of age.
4. One side of the face and head may flatten because the child always sleeps on one side.

1. Physical examination reveals decreased rotation and bending to the side opposite from the affected muscle. Congenital cases more often involve the right side
2. MRI

1. Correct positioning is important, and parents should reposition baby's head every 2–3 hours during waking hours. (At feeding time, Nappy changes, while baby sleeps, etc.)
2. Head position needs to be corrected before about the age of 18 months for there to be improvement. Younger children show the best results.
3. Low-impact exercise to increase strong form neck stability
4. Manipulation of the neck by physiotherapist
5. Extended heat application.
6. Repetitive shiatsu massage.